Spirituality and Family Vulnerability during The Covid-19 Pandemic
Keywords:
spirituality, family vulnerability, covid-19
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic which brings uncertainty in various areas of life also has an impact on the family vulnerabilities. Family vulnerability includes physical-economic vulnerability, social vulnerability, and psychological vulnerability. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spirituality and family vulnerability, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design is a cross-sectional study. The sample in this study consisted of 189 families who were taken using simple random sampling technique. Family vulnerability data were collected through questionnaires designed by Sunarti (2021), while spirituality was measured using DSES questionnaire by Underwood (2020). Data then were analysed using SPSS software. Results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between spirituality and family vulnerability. There is a tendency that the higher the spirituality, the lower the perceived vulnerability of the family. However, further studies are needed to discuss the link between spirituality and family vulnerability
References
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Supriatna, E., & Septian, M. R. (2021). The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality Towards Students’ Psychological Well-Being During Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v7i1.10850
Suryahadi A, Izzati R Al, Suryadarma D. (2020). Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 on Poverty in Indonesia. Bull Indones Econ Stud. Informa UK Limited 56(2):175–92. Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1779390
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Walsh, F. (2011).Resilience and mental health: Challenges across the lifespan. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press
Wright, L. M. (2005).Spirituality, suffering and illness: Ideas for healing. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis
Xue, J., Chen, J., Chen, C., Hu, R., Zhu, T. (2020). The Hidden Pandemic of Family Violence During covid-19: Unsupervised Learning of Tweets. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11)
Zhang, H. The Influence of The Ongoing Covid-19 Pandemic on Family Violence in China. 11
Arslan, G., & Yıldırım, M. (2021). Meaning-Based Coping and Spirituality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediating Effects on Subjective Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646572
Baxter, L., Justin, M., Rust, L. (1951). Sharing Family Living. USA: JB Lippincot Company
Berns R. (1985). Child, Family, School, Community: Socialization and Support. London: Hartcourt Brace College Publishers
Biancalani, G., Azzola, C., Sassu, R., Marogna, C., & Testoni, I. (2022). Spirituality for Coping with the Trauma of a Loved One’s Death During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Italian Qualitative Study. Pastoral Psychology, 71(2), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-021-00989-8
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. USA: Harvard University Press
Brown, Samantha M., Jenalee R. Doom, Stephanie Lechuga-Peña, Sarah Enos Watamura, and Tiffany Koppels. 2020. “Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.” Child Abuse & Neglect 110:104699. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699.
Campbell, A. M. (2020). An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaboration to save lives. Forensi Science International Reports, 2
Carranza Esteban, R. F., Turpo-Chaparro, J. E., Mamani-Benito, O., Torres, J. H., & Arenaza, F. S. (2021). Spirituality and religiousness as predictors of life satisfaction among Peruvian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06939
Chirico, F. (2021). Spirituality to cope with COVID-19 pandemic, climate change and future global challenges. The Italian Journal for Interdisciplinary Health and Social Development Journal of Health and Social Sciences, 6, 151–158. https://doi.org/10.19204/2021/sprt2
Coppola, I., Rania, N., Parisi, R., & Lagomarsino, F. (2021). Spiritual Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626944
David, P., & Stafford, L. (2015). A Relational Approach to Religion and Spirituality in Marriage: The Role of Couples’ Religious Communication in Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Family Issues, 36(2), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13485922
Gayatri, M., & Irawaty, D. K. (2021). Family Resilience during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. The Family Journal, 106648072110238. doi:10.1177/1066480721102387
Ghaffari, M., Fatehizade Phd, M., Ahmadi Phd, A., Ghasemi, V., & Baghban Phd, I. (2013). Predictors of Family Strength: The Integrated Spiritual-Religious/Resilient Perspective for Understanding the Healthy/Strong Family. In Original Article www.ijpbs.mazums.ac.ir Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci (Vol. 7, Issue 2). www.ijpbs.mazums.ac.ir
Kim, S. C., Quiban, C., Sloan, C., & Montejano, A. (2021). Predictors of poor mental health among nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Open, 8(2), 900–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.697
Kim, S. S., Kim-Godwin, Y. S., & Koenig, H. G. (2016). Family Spirituality and Family Health Among Korean-American Elderly Couples. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(2), 729–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0107-5
Mahoney, A., & Cano, A. (2014). Introduction to the special section on religion and spirituality in family life: Delving into relational spirituality for couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000030
Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, A., & Murray-Swank, N. (2003). Religious and Spiritual Development: Special Issue. In Source: Review of Religious Research (Vol. 44, Issue 3). http://www.jstor.orgStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3512384http://www.jstor.org/stable/3512384?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
Margetić, B., Peraica, T., Stojanović, K., & Ivanec, D. (2022). Spirituality, Personality, and Emotional Distress During COVID-19 Pandemic in Croatia. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(1), 644–656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01473-6
Megawangi, R., Sunarti, E. (2003). Peran Keluarga dalam Membangun Bangsa Berkualitas: Penghargaan Kembali terhadap Kiprah Wanita dalam Pengasuhan Anak. Madura: Indonesia
Muralidharan, S., Roth-Cohen, O., & LaFerle, C. (2022). Considering the Subjective Well-Being of Israeli Jews during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Messaging Insights from Religiosity and Spirituality as Coping Mechanisms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12010. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912010
Najaf Najafi M, Kargozar E, Mottaghi M, Dehghani N, Razmjouei P, HoseiniZS, et al. The Effect of Religious Beliefs and Spirituality Training on Family Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Int J Pediatr 2019; 7(12): 10621-633. DOI:10.22038/ijp.2019.42856.3589
Oluyemi O. Akanni, Anthony A. Olashore & Kehinde O. Oderinde (2021) Relationship between spirituality and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the staff of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24:7, 647-658, DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2020.1870218
Prime, H., Wade, M., Browne, D.T. (2020). Risk adn resilience in family well-being during covid-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631-643
Sunarti E, Kamilah D, Almas H, Pitriani S. Family Subjective Well-Being of Health Workers Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic. J Fam Sci. 2021; 5(2):103–20.
Sunarti, E. (2001). Studi Ketahanan Keluarga dan Ukurannya: Telaah Kasus Pengaruhnya terhadap Kualitas Kehamilan (disertasi). Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB
Sunarti, E. (2021). Inventori Pengukuran Keluarga. Bogor: IPB Press
Sunarti, E., Fithriyah, A. F., Khoiriyah, N., Novyanti, W., Islamia, I., & Hasanah, V. R. (2022). Portrait of Indonesian Family During One Year the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Factors Influencing Family Welfare and Resilience. Journal of Disaster Research, 17(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0031
Supriatna, E., & Septian, M. R. (2021). The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality Towards Students’ Psychological Well-Being During Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v7i1.10850
Suryahadi A, Izzati R Al, Suryadarma D. (2020). Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 on Poverty in Indonesia. Bull Indones Econ Stud. Informa UK Limited 56(2):175–92. Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1779390
Underwood, Lynn G. 2006. “Ordinary Spiritual Experience: Qualitative Research, Interpretive Guidelines, and Population Distribution for the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale.” Archive for the Psychology of Religion 28(1):181–218. doi: 10.1163/008467206777832562.
Walsh, F. (2011).Resilience and mental health: Challenges across the lifespan. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press
Wright, L. M. (2005).Spirituality, suffering and illness: Ideas for healing. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis
Xue, J., Chen, J., Chen, C., Hu, R., Zhu, T. (2020). The Hidden Pandemic of Family Violence During covid-19: Unsupervised Learning of Tweets. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11)
Zhang, H. The Influence of The Ongoing Covid-19 Pandemic on Family Violence in China. 11
